I'm 68, retired, living on disability income only.  Can a creditor garnish for failure to pay my unsecured credit card?

I've written about how abusive debt collectors can be, and have offered advice on how to deal with them in previous blogs.

But today, I want to zero in on an actual situation we dealt with recently.

A client of ours is 68 years old, retired, and living on disability income only.  He rents and must spend a large amount of money each month on medicine and medical treatment for his disability.

In order to make ends meet, he has had to use his credit cards as so many people have done and continue to do today!  Let's not get into whether he should or shouldn't have, it is what it is.

One of his creditors called. After using several intimidation tactics,the collection agent told him that if he did not set up a repayment agreement, they would take him to court and sue him. So he agreed to a repayment plan of the entire amount even though he could not afford it!

He contacted us after the agreement was made and we explained to him that even though the creditor has a right to be paid and could choose to file a claim in order to be awarded a default judgment, they could not touch his disability income.

According to the Federal Trade Commission certain wages are EXEMPT from garnishment:

Can federal benefits be garnished?

Many federal benefits are exempt from garnishment, including:

• Social Security Benefits
• Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Benefits
• Veterans’ Benefits
• Civil Service and Federal Retirement and Disability Benefits
• Service Members’ Pay
• Military Annuities and Survivors’ Benefits
• Student Assistance
• Railroad Retirement Benefits
• Merchant Seamen Wages
• Longshoremen’s and Harbor Workers’ Death and Disability Benefits
• Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Benefits
• Compensation for Injury, Death, or Detention of Employees of U.S. Contractors Outside the U.S.
• Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Disaster Assistance

But federal benefits may be garnished under certain circumstances, including to pay delinquent taxes, alimony, child support, or student loans.

This also applies to funds in your bank account.

But be careful here!

If you co-mingle funds, meaning you earn a little extra income in addition to your disability income, DO NOT PUT THOSE FUNDS IN THE SAME CHECKING OR SAVINGS ACCOUNT!

You should open a 2nd account for that extra income (and keep the balance very, very low!)

After explaining this (again) to our client, we have helped stop the agreement.

DON'T BE INTIMIDATED!  If you are, perhaps you should seek the professional help of a debt management company.

Photo by Caston Corporate

A collector threatens you with a possible wage garnishment.

What can you do?

Let's say you receive a call from a collector, and he says that unless you send money right away, then they will start the litigation process to sue you.  A little scary, right?

Of course, that's why they do it! Their job is to collect money from you, and they will use most any tactic possible, especially intimidation.

I won't get into what the collector, legally can and cannot do in this article. You can read more about that in previous posts. Let's focus on what you can do to prevent this.

For more information, visit the FDCPA Guide for Consumers.

Tell the agent you need a couple of days to raise the cash (even if there is "no-way") and get a phone number to call back.  This will stall them from moving forward.

By the way, don't be surprised if they tell you they can't wait and that they need a down payment right now using check-by-phone or else they will start the litigation process.

Again... this is their way of trying to INTIMIDATE you.

Get their phone number and hang up the phone!

I am going to assume you do not have a large sum of cash to make a lump sum offer to settle.  (If you had a large sum, you probably wouldn't be in this situation!) It is very important that you know how much money you can afford each month before you make a repayment offer. 

Take the time to complete a detailed Budget so you can know exactly how much is coming in and how much is going out each month.

The goal is to arrange a settlement for less than the full amount paid out monthly with payments you can afford.  You may not get a huge reduction (maybe down to 75%-80%), but its worth asking.

Once an agreement has been negotiated, make sure you get the agreement in writing...PERIOD!  No written agreement...No deal! If you cannot get the agent to agree, ask for the supervisor.  You may not have any better luck, but it's worth a try.

Most creditors would much rather agree to a settlement repayment plan rather than being forced to go through the litigation proccess.

• DON'T be intimidated
• Know what you CAN afford to pay monthly
• Get the agreement IN WRITING
• Prevent any judgment/litigation

Hope this helps!

 Photo by Caston Corporate

I've been getting abusive calls from collectors and want to know: "What are the rules of Fair Debt Collection?"

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), is the nation's consumer watchdog and enforces the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). The FDCPA covers almost all debts, but doesn't cover debts incurred to run a business.

Can a collector contact me any time or place about my debts?

NO!  A collector my not contact you before 8am or after 9pm.  They may not contact you at work if they are told (verbally or in writing) that you're not allowed to get calls at your job.

I have told them to stop calling me both at work and home, but they ignore me. Is there anything I can do?

YES!  The FDCPA states that after consumer has requested the collector to stop calling, in writing, the collector must stop or be in violation.

How do I do that?

You need to write a letter and mail it by certified mail. To learn exactly how to do this, click below:

Can a collector contact anyone else about my debts?

A collector may only contact other people to find out your address, phone number and where you work, and they may only do that once!  They are not permitted to discuss your debt!

A collector was abusive and told me that if I didn't send them so much money by the end of the month I could go to jail!

First, no one goes to jail over an unpaid, unsecured debt! PERIOD! That type of language is not typical of collectors, but it does happens from time-to-time.

The FDCPA states that a collector MAY NOT:

• harass, opress, or abuse you or any third parties they contact.
• use threats of violence or harm.
• use obscene or profane language or
• Use the phone repeatedly (calling 10 times/day!) to annoy you
• falsely claim they are attorneys if they are not
• claim that you have committed a crime
• say that you could be or will be arrested if you don't pay
• say that they will seize, garnish, attache or sell your home or property if such action is prohibited by law (99% of the time it is!)
• send you anything like an official document from a court or government agency if it isn'ta government agency.

Is the anything you can do to stop wage garnishment?

You pick up your paycheck and notice that money has been withheld due to a wage garnishment.

When a creditor files a claim on an unpaid account, a summons will be delivered to you.

If you ignore it, in about 30 days, a default judgment will be awarded the creditor/plaintiff.

Again, if you do nothing about it, then the creditor may decide to apply for a writ of garnishment.  This is presented to your employer, and depending on which state you live in, you will most likely have 25% of your net check sent to the creditor. 

Your employer has no choice but to honor the writ of garnishment.

SO NOW WHAT?  You have a few options:

If you have any access to a lump sum of about 40%-50% of the total due, then you can contact the original collection agency or attorney for the plaintiff and negotiate a lump sum settlement.

If you don't have a lump sum, then your only option is to present a plan to repay your debt instead of them garnishing your wages. 

Example: 

• Let's say you owe $5,000.
• Your take-home wage averages about $1300, every two weeks.

The wage garnishment allows the plaintiff to garnish 25% or $325 every pay check or $650/month! 

For most people, this would cause them to be unable to pay the mortgage or rent, utilities, food, etc. and ultimately, your only recourse would be to file for bankruptcy protection. 

Before you contact the attorney for the plaintiff or the creditor directly, you need to have a couple of things ready:

A complete basic budget showing all income and outgo each month. Make sure to list everything and be honest.  Let's say you have $100 left over each month (if you're lucky).

It may be helpful to write a brief hardship statement explain why and how you got into this situation. 

• Now call the creditor/attorney and explain your situation. 
• Offer to pay $100/month until the amount is repaid.  Ask them to charge 0% interest.  They may or may not, but they have an option to charge 0% - whatever your state allows in an agreement like this.
• Offer to fax the budget, hardship statement and a copy of your latest pay stub. 

In most cases, they will agree.  If not, explain that if they refuse the offer (don't be ugly here!) then you have no choice but to seek bankruptcy protection as you cannot pay your bills if the wage garnishment continues.

If they agree, MAKE SURE TO GET THE AGREEMENT IN WRITING!

Do not agree to any check-by-phone or any other payment arrangement without the written agreement.

Hope this helps!

Photo By: ladybeames'

The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) clearly states what a debt collector may and may not do when contacting you in an attempt to collect a debt.  Harassment is the single most prohibitive action.  They cannot harass or use abusive language when speaking to you or when speaking to any third party that may be helping you.

For example:

• A creditor is NOT permitted to contact you before 8am or after 9pm.
• A creditor is NOT permitted to contact you at work after you have requested them not to by mail or fax.
• A creditor is NOT permitted to use obscene or profane language when speaking to you.
• A creditor is NOT permitted to make false statements, such as threatening to take actions that they cannot take or have not intention of pursuing.
• A creditor is NOT permitted to use threats of violence.
• A creditor is NOT permitted to publish a list of names of people who refuse to pay their debts.

If you feel a collector has violated your rights, you may contact your state Attorney General's office www.naag.org and the Federal Trade Commission www.ftc.gov.

To learn more about debt collection practices and your rights under the law, visit http://bit.ly/9SxgYF.